Horse rider figures, sometimes referred to as equestrian, horse and rider or horseman figures, are all cast in brass and bronze. The possible meanings, identities, uses and ages of these figures have been speculated over in scholarship of the past hundred years. The identity of the mounted figures has been the source of debate, with Von Luschan (1919[44]) first suggesting the figures shown may represent someone who was not from the Kingdom of Benin. However, more recently Karpinski (1984[102]) and Nevadomksy (1986[98]) both argued that the figure represents the Ọba.