Collected probably ca. 1958; (Sotheby Parke-Bernet and Co., London, December 13, 1977, no. 351); (Hôtel Drouot Rive Gauche, Paris, December 16, 1978, no. 47); Mr. and Mrs. Klaus G. Perls, New York, 1991.Court of Benin Objects in the Michael C. Rockefeller Wing, Metropolitan Museum of Art
Royal Art of Benin from the Perls Collection
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, January 16, 1992–September 13,1992
Elephant: The Animal and Its Ivory in AfricanArt
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, October 13, 1993–March 27,1994
Ezra, Kate. Royal Art of Benin: The Perls Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992, pp. 64–65, no. 13.
Ross, Doran H. Elephant: The Animal and Its Ivory in African Culture. Los Angeles: Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1992.
Sotheby Parke-Bernet and Co., London. 1977. Catalogue of Antiquities and Tribal Art. Sale catalogue of December 13, 1977: lot 351.
Drouot Rive Gauche, Paris. 1978. Arts primitifs. Sale catalogue of December 16, 1978: lot 47.
Blackmun, B. 1984. "Iconography of Carved Altar Tusks from Benin, Nigeria." Ph.D. dissertation, University of California at Los Angeles. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich.: no. 137.
"ROYAL ART OF BENIN. The Perls Collection in The Metropolitan Museum of Art." Kate Ezra. The Metropolitan Museum of Art and Harry N. Abrams Inc., New York 1992, no. 13