Ivbiotọ (trophy heads) are thought to represent decapitated heads of former Benin vassals who rebelled against the Ọba. When a rebel vassal was defeated, his head was removed and brought to Benin in an Ẹkpoki. The Ọba sent it to the Igun Ẹronmwon, where they made bronze replicas. The three Udari, or suborbital markings, show that the image is that of a non-Benin male.